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Body and Health Protein takes a bite out of hunger
Study suggests new reasons to tuck into that steak
They're not suggesting people binge on cheeseburgers, but British scientists have found eating a high-protein, hunter/gatherer-like diet boosts levels of an "anorectic" gut hormone that suppresses hunger.
It was already known eating protein makes people feel fuller, faster, but why that's so remained a mystery.
Now, a small study in humans and genetically modified mice reveals high-protein meals goad the body to produce more of a hormone known as peptide YY, or PYY, than either a high-fat or high-carbohydrate diet.
More Diet & Fitness news
In humans, high-protein diets caused "the greatest satiation," meaning the biggest reduction in hunger, researchers report today in the journal Cell Metabolism.
Mice fed high-protein meals gained less weight than rodents who ate the usual amount of protein.
The studies build on experiments in 2002 by the same researcher, who was the first to discover that injecting PYY into normal-weight and obese humans cut their food intake by one-third. Drug companies are now developing PYY shots and nasal sprays.
"Two questions that needed to be answered were, can you alter your own PYY by modifying your diet, and can we actually change how much PYY the body is making rather than giving it as a drug," Dr. Rachel Batterham, a senior lecturer at University College London, said in an interview.
It appears the answer to both is yes.
According to her team, the average western diet derives 49 per cent of energy intake from carbohydrates, 35 per cent from fat and 16 per cent from protein -- up to half as much protein as our hunter-gatherer ancestors consumed.
The diet fed to the male volunteers had 70 per cent of calories from protein, while the diet fed to the mice had 35 per cent of calories from protein. Batterham stressed people should not be rushing out and eating that much protein.
"We wanted the other components to be as low as possible and still be able to give the subjects a meal."
Previous studies have shown that increasing the protein content to 25 per cent has effects on hunger and body weight.
"I'm not going to recommend to anyone to change their diet to 70 per cent protein or even 35 per cent but maybe modulating diet is a good way of harnessing the body's own natural hunger control system," says Batterham, a specialist in diabetes/endocrinology and internal medicine.
More and bigger studies are needed to determine what effects high-protein diets have over the long term on kidney and liver function. What's more, obesity is about more than diet; it's also about the balance between food intake and energy output.
Modern-day humans expend far less energy ordering burgers and super-sized fries from the drive-thru window than hunter-gatherers did taking down prey.
The British and Australian scientists found mice with their PYY "knocked out" ate more and became markedly obese.
"When we gave it back by injection, it basically cured the obesity in the mice. That part proves that if you don't have PYY, you can become obese," Batterham says.
In the human study, nine obese and 10 normal-weight men were randomly assigned to have either a high-carb, high-fat or high-protein diet on three separate visits (they did not know which one they were eating). Their meals had to be eaten within 25 minutes, and the men then filled out hunger scores. Blood samples were taken to measure gut hormones.
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Study suggests new reasons to tuck into that steak
They're not suggesting people binge on cheeseburgers, but British scientists have found eating a high-protein, hunter/gatherer-like diet boosts levels of an "anorectic" gut hormone that suppresses hunger.
It was already known eating protein makes people feel fuller, faster, but why that's so remained a mystery.
Now, a small study in humans and genetically modified mice reveals high-protein meals goad the body to produce more of a hormone known as peptide YY, or PYY, than either a high-fat or high-carbohydrate diet.
More Diet & Fitness news
In humans, high-protein diets caused "the greatest satiation," meaning the biggest reduction in hunger, researchers report today in the journal Cell Metabolism.
Mice fed high-protein meals gained less weight than rodents who ate the usual amount of protein.
The studies build on experiments in 2002 by the same researcher, who was the first to discover that injecting PYY into normal-weight and obese humans cut their food intake by one-third. Drug companies are now developing PYY shots and nasal sprays.
"Two questions that needed to be answered were, can you alter your own PYY by modifying your diet, and can we actually change how much PYY the body is making rather than giving it as a drug," Dr. Rachel Batterham, a senior lecturer at University College London, said in an interview.
It appears the answer to both is yes.
According to her team, the average western diet derives 49 per cent of energy intake from carbohydrates, 35 per cent from fat and 16 per cent from protein -- up to half as much protein as our hunter-gatherer ancestors consumed.
The diet fed to the male volunteers had 70 per cent of calories from protein, while the diet fed to the mice had 35 per cent of calories from protein. Batterham stressed people should not be rushing out and eating that much protein.
"We wanted the other components to be as low as possible and still be able to give the subjects a meal."
Previous studies have shown that increasing the protein content to 25 per cent has effects on hunger and body weight.
"I'm not going to recommend to anyone to change their diet to 70 per cent protein or even 35 per cent but maybe modulating diet is a good way of harnessing the body's own natural hunger control system," says Batterham, a specialist in diabetes/endocrinology and internal medicine.
More and bigger studies are needed to determine what effects high-protein diets have over the long term on kidney and liver function. What's more, obesity is about more than diet; it's also about the balance between food intake and energy output.
Modern-day humans expend far less energy ordering burgers and super-sized fries from the drive-thru window than hunter-gatherers did taking down prey.
The British and Australian scientists found mice with their PYY "knocked out" ate more and became markedly obese.
"When we gave it back by injection, it basically cured the obesity in the mice. That part proves that if you don't have PYY, you can become obese," Batterham says.
In the human study, nine obese and 10 normal-weight men were randomly assigned to have either a high-carb, high-fat or high-protein diet on three separate visits (they did not know which one they were eating). Their meals had to be eaten within 25 minutes, and the men then filled out hunger scores. Blood samples were taken to measure gut hormones.
Ads by Google
Lose 9 lbs. every 11 DaysLearn the 10 Idiot Proof Rules of
Dieting & Fat Loss.FatLoss4idiots.comTiVo in CanadaTiVo, PVRs, portable A/V Players
Fast Canada wide shipping.PVRCanada.comDiet NewsHottest Health & Nutrition Trends
At Chatelaine Health & Fitnesswww.chatelaine.com
Related Links:
Read the story
Gallery: pick your protein
Do low carb, high protein diets work?
Celebrity diet secrets
Make canada.com my start page
Top Body and Health Stories
You want calories with that?
Next time you go out for that big burger, bucket of fries and super-sized soda, ...
Read the storyGallery: Fast food calorie countsU.S. website steers eaters to healthy picksSuper snack ideas
More Body and Health Stories Boomers face critical shortage of geriatriciansThe ABCs of eatingGerm warfareThe other pandemicImmune cells crush deadly cancer
Top Lifestyle Stories
Designers see red
The August issue of Vogue touted red as "the new black" and People magazine's latest...
Photos: Red hot accessoriesPhotos: Celebs in red dressesSimple steps to luscious, red lipsMore fall fashion and beauty
More Lifestyle Stories Are fast times the right times for fasting?Inside your fantasiesEating fried worms. SeriouslyNever legging goFashion highs and lows on Emmy carpet
Shopping
Visit Shopping on canada.com
We've got the inside scoop on everything Shopping-related! Get in-the-know today!
Read our Shopping Advice columnWhat’s Hot & What’s Not?Secret Shopping DiaryShop Online for Great Stuff!Ask our experts a Shopping question!
This site is a part of the canada.com Network.